Занимательная физика в вопросах и ответах.
Сайт  Елькина Виктора.
   Заслуженный учитель РФ.   Учитель-методист. 
     Занимательная  физика    А знаете ли Вы?    Физика в походе    Биофизика    Биографии   Астрономия  
 Физика  и  поэзия    Физика и медицина    Народная мудрость    Необычные  явления   Ссылки
Занимательные  опыты   Радиотехника  для  всех   Бочка Паскаля   Оптика   Шаровая молния  Сообразилки

STORIES  OF  INVENTIONS   AND  DISCOVERIES

The  Telephone

   The telephone is a much younger invention than the telegraph. Fifty telegraph companies were alreadv operating in the United States alone, when the French mechanic Charles Boursel first suggested the idea of transmitting speech electrically. The first to put his idea into practice was the German Philipp Reis, but his telephone was too primitive to find practical appli­cation. A telephone that did find application was invented by the American Graham Bell. On March 10, 1876, he made an instrument that successfully trans­mitted a complete sentence. To his assistant in another room, Bell conveyed the message: "Mr. Watson, come here, I want you."
    Bell's telephone was very simple. It consisted of a metal diaphragm placed in the field of a horseshoe magnet. The diaphragm, vibrating under the impact of sound waves,  produced oscillations in the electric current transmitted along the wires. A similar device at the other end of the line turned the electric oscillations into sound.
    Russian inventors made several important improve­ments in the telephone. In 1879 the Russian engineer Mikhalsky made a microphone with powdered carbon, a prototype of the present-day microphone. In this microphone the diaphragm, vibrating under the influ­ence of the sound waves, exerted a pressure on the powdered carbon in proportion to the intensity of the sound. The consequent changes in the density of the powder changed its electrical resistance accordingly.
   Another Russian inventor, Golubitsky, in 1880 improved the receiver. His receiver was far more sensitive than Bell's.
   These and other inventions extended the range of -telephone communications to distances of up to 350 kilometres. St. Petersburg was soon linked by telephone lo Gatchina and Petergof.
In 1880 a Russian military communications expert G. Ignatyev invented a device that made it possible to use the same wire simultaneously for a telephone conversation and for telegraph communication. Today the method of frequency modulation3 makes it possible to transmit several hundred telephone conversations over the same wire simultaneously.
The telegraph and the telephone were both hailed as the "final" solution to the communications problem. But they were soon followed by an even more wonderful invention, which made possible communication without wires .. .
Hosted by uCoz

   


Найти:

на:

Hosted by uCozght -->

[AD] 

[AD] 

Предлагаем обменяться ссылками.
 
Выберите  баннер  
 
       © 2003 - 200 Елькин В.И.

Slobodskoy 


Mikhail
Lomonosov

Albert Einstein 

Alexander Fleming

Igor Kurchatov

Poytr Lebedev

Marie Curie


 
  Electric Light Bulb
 
Tape Recorder
(and Walkman)

Television

Cameras  in the Beginning

Aqualung

Telephone 2

The Radio

 



Hosted by uCoz